Sediment samples were collected in the vicinity of the shipyards, while samples of paint and metal fragments were collected from hulls of abandoned vessels. This study evaluated the sediment that is under the influence of shipyard activities in the Guajará Bay and in the channel of the Maguari River, in Belém, Pará (PA) state, northern Brazil. Shipyard activities have contributed to the release of anthropogenic metals in sediment in the Amazon delta estuary, but no studies of the issue have been carried out in northern Brazil.
PUBLIC SLIPWAYS SOUTHAMPTON FULL
Although FP-XRF can rapidly screen samples whose composition and origin are unknown and can assist in instantaneous decision making, a full risk assessment will rely on additional analyses of the precise species (including organo-forms) of the metals present. Sn, an indicator of organotin, and up to concentrations of 40,000μgg(-1), and Pb up to concentrations of 200,000μgg(-1)). Of particular concern are elevated concentrations of substances that have been restricted or banned (e.g. Application of the technique to fragments collected from slipways, yards, hardstandings, abandoned boats and ships undergoing maintenance throughout the EU reveal highly variable concentrations of metals among samples from the same environment or from the same region of a given boat in many cases, variability is also evident in different areas or on different surfaces of the same fragment.
The technique is capable of delivering rapid, surficial measurements of Ba, Cu, Pb and Zn down to concentrations less than 150μgg(-1), and Sn and Cr to concentrations of a few hundred μgg(-1). In this study, a means of screening paint fragments using a field portable-X-ray fluorescence (FP-XRF) spectrometer is described. Paint flaking off abandoned vessels or generated during boat repair is hazardous to human health and wildlife.
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